Ancient Rome Essay Example for Free

Ancient Rome Essay During the Han Empire of China and the Roman Empire of the Mediterranean World were both had advanced technology for their time. Han China’s attitude toward manufacturing and labor was more positive than the Romans who had a more class divided society, therefore causing attitudes toward labor and technology to be looked down upon. The Hans respect technology and the people who use it. In China, 2nd century B. C. E. a government official stated that he wanted to organize their labor force with the use of technology so they could help to prevent a disaster from occurring when and if a flood takes place. This could help the people from getting hurt and their property from getting destroyed (Doc. 1). Huan Guan, a Han government official during the first century B. C. E. was concerned about the lack of technology and poor government policy that is affecting the people. Haun Guan was trying to say to the Han government that using convict labor to make tools and monopoly on salt and iron is causing devastating affects towards the people and feels that the government can solve this problem by using the available technologies. Even though Haun Guan is a government official himself, he shows interest in helping the people and is very critical towards the current government policies that are in place (Doc. 2). Huan Tan, a upper class Han philosopher during 20 C. E. is expressing his appreciation of the progress that technology has had since the emperor’s first invention . Huan Tan also expresses how technology has benefited the Chinese people and feels that technology is a â€Å"gift† from the enlightened emperors (Doc. 3). A Han government sponsored speaker, around 200 C. E. states how a Han governor, Tu Shih, cared deeply for the Chinese people and used the advanced technology to help benefit them. This government sponsored speaker emphasizes how much the inventions helped minimize the amount of human labor that the people did (Doc. 4). This is interesting because he was hired by the government to talk to people who might be losing faith in the Han Dynasty and he basically glorified the information way more than it actually was. On the other hand, the Romans felt that working with your hands was vulgar and seemed to heavily look down upon technology and whoever used it. Cicero, an upper class Roman political leader from Italy during the 1st century B. C. E. states that anyone who works with their hands are vulgar and looks greatly down upon craftsmen and hired workers. Cicero then goes on stating that â€Å"gentlemen do not work with their hands. †(Doc. 5) It seems that Cicero lacks a huge respect for inventions and inventors and feels like technology is indeed necessary, but not for the â€Å"enlightened minds†. Plutarch, a Greek born roman citizen during the 1st century Roman Empire, expresses Gaius Gracchus’ road building enterprises and continues to explain how the Roman upper class does appreciate technology that benefits the upper class (Doc. 6). Plutarch does show appreciation towards technology, but only because it benefits himself, as well as the rest of the upper class. He does not go on to mention how it helped the commoners in any way, because it most likely didn’t help anyone but the upper class. Seneca, an upper class philosopher and advisor to Emperor Nero, from the 1st century Roman Empire, states that it takes someone nimble and sharp to make inventions but craftsmen don’t have great minds. Seneca goes on to say that he does â€Å"not believe that tools and crafts were invented by wise men† (Doc. 7). Seneca lacks respect for craftsmen and is basically saying that they are not as smart as he is, and degrades their achievements and abilities that they have. He isn’t concerned about any of the tools or inventions that are made by these craftsmen because he feels since he is an upperclassmen, he would never use them for the fact that they would be degrading to his specific class in society. Frontinus, a Roman general, governor of Britain, and water commissioner from the 1st century C. E. of the Roman Empire discusses how he praises the Roman aqueducts and their uses in Rome. He talks about how intelligent the designs are and how much it benefits the public (Doc. 8). It was quite interesting how highly was talking about the aqueducts. He talked about how amazing they were to the other Roman officials so they could see he was doing a good job as water commissioner, which is why he talked so highly of the aqueducts, because that’s his job. A point of view that is missing from these documents that could further help to the discussion of the Han and Rome attitudes towards technology would be the commoners. All eight of these documents were of the point of view from government officials or other upperclassmen. It would’ve helped to see an argument made by the commoners from both empires because that’s who the technology is affecting-the commoners. Although the technology is also affecting the upperclassmen, it would have made a better argument to have someone who is more â€Å"exposed† to the technology in their everyday lives. The people of the Han Empire did have a more optimistic approach towards technology, while the Roman Empire looked at technology as a more negative thing. The Hans took more into consideration of how it would benefit the commoners, unlike the Romans who didn’t mention the commoners in any of their arguments. Although both Empires did use technology, some thought more highly of it than others.

Magical Realism and Mans Search For Meaning Essay -- Literature Essay

Magical Realism and Man's Search For Meaning    Magical realism was first coined by Franz Roh when he was writing about paintings. Artaro Ulsar Pietri was the first to use the term when talking about literature. Magical realism is also related to other academic fields such as philosophy, psychology, mathmatics, physics, and theology. Im magical realism, "the writer confronts reality and tries to untangle it, to discover what is mysterious in things, in life, in human acts" (Leal 121). Viktor E. Frankl uses this concept in his book Man's Search For Meaning. The magical realist characteristics that relate to this story include defamiliarization and supplementation. Through Man's Search For Meaning, Frankl explores "a reality which is already in and of itself magical or fantastic" (Simpkins 149). It tries to magnify and enlarge the small amd simple things in life. Defamiliariazation is used through human life (Simpkins 150). Defamiliarization is when an object that is common and everyday is shown in a new way that one never saw or noticed before. Supplementation is when realit...

Lifestyle Changes for School Age Children at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes.

Nurse’s Role in Identifying High-Risk groups, and Promoting Lifestyle changes for School Age Children at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. March 24, 2013 Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus among school age children has increased drastically just in the past several years and is becoming and ever growing trend. Family history, obesity, and lifestyle are risk factors that play a major role in the onset of type 2 diabetes. Among these, obesity is the greatest risk factor, followed by physical inactivity.The main purpose of this research is to examine the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups, and promoting lifestyle change for school age children at risk for Type 2 diabetes. In reviewing and studying various peer-reviewed articles, and journals from different databases, it was determined that the nurse plays a big role in health promotion, and education. Nurses are able to do this by taking holistic approaches, and forming individualized care plans to suit each child’ s lifestyle. An individualized plan motivates the child to meet goals, and gives them a visual guide in which to note progress.Keywords: Diabetes, Type 2, Children, Nurses Nurse’s Role in Identifying High-Risk groups, and Promoting Lifestyle Changes Carbohydrates are the body’s main energy source. The role of the digestive system is to break carbohydrates down into blood sugar glucose so it can be used for energy; in addition, glucose is needed for all body cells to maintain homeostatic balance. When the body loses its ability to maintain stable glucose levels, diabetes develops. In type 2 diabetes, cells in the body become increasingly resistant to the effects of insulin, and glucose levels gradually rise in the bloodstream.Eventually, these dangerous levels of glucose in the body can cause serious complications such as heart disease, blindness, and kidney failure. Type 2 diabetes mellitus among school age children has increased drastically just in the past several ye ars and is becoming and ever growing trend. This chronic condition formally rare among children has become increasingly common as a result of sedentary lifestyle, diet, and lack of health promotion. Fortunately, type 2 diabetes can be prevented through awareness, and education.Nurses in particular can play a big role in bringing awareness to this epidemic, especially among school age children. Building a solid foundation can prevent the onset of this chronic illness in adulthood, and mostly likely will promote healthy lifestyle choices in the future. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups and promoting lifestyle change for school age children at risk for Type 2 diabetes. In order to address this issue, and effectively promote change nurses must have a clear understanding of this chronic illness.So what is the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups, and promoting lifestyle changes, for school age children at risk f or type 2 diabetes? Method This is a review of the literature to answer the research question. The following databases and websites were used: Academic Search Complete, CINAL, and American Diabetes Association website. Findings: Identifying high risk group Identifying and targeting high risk groups is crucial to promoting lifestyle change for children at risk for type 2 diabetes. This is the first step the nurse should take in order to implement change. Targeting the high-risk group is probably a more applicable way and is recommended by the American Diabetes Association† (Jung-Nan, W et al. , 2009, p. 259). Nurses can quickly identify children at risk for type 2 diabetes by looking at these three areas which include family history, obesity and lifestyle. Family history is important in addressing the epidemic. It was proven in a research study done by Jung-Nan that â€Å"Children with more family members having diabetes were more likely to have T2D† (Jung-Nan, W et al. 2009, p. 260). Although family history is a non-modifiable risk factor, recognizing patterns in a child’s immediate and extended family is an important task the nurse must complete before promoting lifestyle change. Second, it is important to address the issue of obesity and lifestyle. Obesity is the leading cause of type diabetes and many other long term chronic health conditions. The development of childhood obesity is due largely in part to lifestyle, which includes diet and physical inactivity.Children often consume foods high in fat, sugar, and calories, and do not engage in any sort of physical activity. As a result increased input and little energy expenditure, eventually causes steady weight gain. Fortunately, childhood obesity and unhealthy lifestyle are modifiable risk factors, which can be largely prevented with proper diet and exercise. Therefore, the ability to identify these three risk factors can aid the nurse in developing plans, and ultimately motivate school age children to adopt healthy lifestyles. Promoting lifestyle changeWhen particular risk factors have been properly identified the nurse can begin promoting lifestyle change by formulating individualized plans for the school age child. Because obesity is the leading cause of type 2 diabetes among children, nutrition and exercise plans should be included in all individualized care plans. The nurse should promote a healthy diet by making the nutritional plan suitable for the child’s developmental level, incorporating healthful foods that the child will enjoy. In addition, the nurse should get feedback from the child about what foods he or she dislikes.This can valuable in developing a personalized nutritional plan. Also, attention should also be given to portion sizes, calories, and the amount of vitamins and minerals provided in each meal. In the same way, the exercise plan should also be tailored to the developmental level of the child, and should include satisfying, and rew arding activities. Plans should be holistic in nature, focusing on all areas of the child’s life, familial influences taking top priority. Parent’s influence dietary habits and the amount of physical activity the child chooses to engage in.As a consequence, if parent’s engage in little physical activity, and put no emphasizes on proper nutrition the child will eventually adopt this behavior and view it as â€Å"healthy†. Understanding the parent’s views on diet and exercise, can help the nurse better assess and develop a proper care plan. However, when parents are hesitant about changing their lifestyle, it can be a major setback for the nurse when developing an individualized plan. In this situation, the nurse should be patient, and willing to tailor the plan to meet the needs of each individual in the family. Lastly, in order for oals and desired outcomes to be successfully met the nurse must be through in organizing and gathering data by followi ng a certain sequence during assessment, piecing together subjective data from both parents and child, and validating it with objective data. Conclusion Type 2 diabetes in children continues to rise and has become an epidemic. Consequently, preventative measures must be taken to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in school age children; emphasis on awareness and health promotion is necessary and must be taken seriously by nurses to motivate children to make positive lifestyle changes.The nurse must be able to correctly identify risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes. The nurse can then promote lifestyle changes by successfully developing individual plans to meet the needs of each child. The nurse should be holistic in approach, and must be sensitive to the needs of both parent and child. And lastly, the nurse should be through and accurate to successfully meet goals and desired outcomes for each child. Through doing this, the nurse can promote lifestyle change, prevent type 2 diabetes, and ultimately influence children to make healthy choices for life.References American Diabetes Association Home Page – American Diabetes Association. (n. d. ). American Diabetes Association Home Page – American Diabetes Association. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://www. diabetes. org Beckwith, S. (2010). Diagnosing type 2 diabetes in children and young people. British Journal Of School Nursing, 5(1), 15-19. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2010607580&site= Coe, S. (2010). Clinical focus. Nutrition related to obesity and diabetes as a public health issue.Nurse Prescribing, 8(8), 376. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2010758805&site=ehost-live Jung-Nan, W. , Hung-Yuan, L. , Yi-Chia, W. , Lee-Ming, C. , Mao-Shin, L. , Cheng-Hsin, L. , & Fung-Chang, S. (2010). Detailed family history of diabetes identified children at risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based c ase-control study. Pediatric Diabetes, 11(4), 258-264. doi:10. 1111/j. 1399-5448. 2009. 00564. x Rabbitt, A. , & Coyne, I. (2012). Childhood obesity: nurses' role in addressing the epidemic. British Journal Lifestyle Changes for School Age Children at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Nurse’s Role in Identifying High-Risk groups, and Promoting Lifestyle changes for School Age Children at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. March 24, 2013 Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus among school age children has increased drastically just in the past several years and is becoming and ever growing trend. Family history, obesity, and lifestyle are risk factors that play a major role in the onset of type 2 diabetes. Among these, obesity is the greatest risk factor, followed by physical inactivity.The main purpose of this research is to examine the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups, and promoting lifestyle change for school age children at risk for Type 2 diabetes. In reviewing and studying various peer-reviewed articles, and journals from different databases, it was determined that the nurse plays a big role in health promotion, and education. Nurses are able to do this by taking holistic approaches, and forming individualized care plans to suit each child’ s lifestyle. An individualized plan motivates the child to meet goals, and gives them a visual guide in which to note progress.Keywords: Diabetes, Type 2, Children, Nurses Nurse’s Role in Identifying High-Risk groups, and Promoting Lifestyle Changes Carbohydrates are the body’s main energy source. The role of the digestive system is to break carbohydrates down into blood sugar glucose so it can be used for energy; in addition, glucose is needed for all body cells to maintain homeostatic balance. When the body loses its ability to maintain stable glucose levels, diabetes develops. In type 2 diabetes, cells in the body become increasingly resistant to the effects of insulin, and glucose levels gradually rise in the bloodstream.Eventually, these dangerous levels of glucose in the body can cause serious complications such as heart disease, blindness, and kidney failure. Type 2 diabetes mellitus among school age children has increased drastically just in the past several ye ars and is becoming and ever growing trend. This chronic condition formally rare among children has become increasingly common as a result of sedentary lifestyle, diet, and lack of health promotion. Fortunately, type 2 diabetes can be prevented through awareness, and education.Nurses in particular can play a big role in bringing awareness to this epidemic, especially among school age children. Building a solid foundation can prevent the onset of this chronic illness in adulthood, and mostly likely will promote healthy lifestyle choices in the future. The purpose of this paper is to examine the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups and promoting lifestyle change for school age children at risk for Type 2 diabetes. In order to address this issue, and effectively promote change nurses must have a clear understanding of this chronic illness.So what is the nurse’s role in identifying high-risk groups, and promoting lifestyle changes, for school age children at risk f or type 2 diabetes? Method This is a review of the literature to answer the research question. The following databases and websites were used: Academic Search Complete, CINAL, and American Diabetes Association website. Findings: Identifying high risk group Identifying and targeting high risk groups is crucial to promoting lifestyle change for children at risk for type 2 diabetes. This is the first step the nurse should take in order to implement change. Targeting the high-risk group is probably a more applicable way and is recommended by the American Diabetes Association† (Jung-Nan, W et al. , 2009, p. 259). Nurses can quickly identify children at risk for type 2 diabetes by looking at these three areas which include family history, obesity and lifestyle. Family history is important in addressing the epidemic. It was proven in a research study done by Jung-Nan that â€Å"Children with more family members having diabetes were more likely to have T2D† (Jung-Nan, W et al. 2009, p. 260). Although family history is a non-modifiable risk factor, recognizing patterns in a child’s immediate and extended family is an important task the nurse must complete before promoting lifestyle change. Second, it is important to address the issue of obesity and lifestyle. Obesity is the leading cause of type diabetes and many other long term chronic health conditions. The development of childhood obesity is due largely in part to lifestyle, which includes diet and physical inactivity.Children often consume foods high in fat, sugar, and calories, and do not engage in any sort of physical activity. As a result increased input and little energy expenditure, eventually causes steady weight gain. Fortunately, childhood obesity and unhealthy lifestyle are modifiable risk factors, which can be largely prevented with proper diet and exercise. Therefore, the ability to identify these three risk factors can aid the nurse in developing plans, and ultimately motivate school age children to adopt healthy lifestyles. Promoting lifestyle changeWhen particular risk factors have been properly identified the nurse can begin promoting lifestyle change by formulating individualized plans for the school age child. Because obesity is the leading cause of type 2 diabetes among children, nutrition and exercise plans should be included in all individualized care plans. The nurse should promote a healthy diet by making the nutritional plan suitable for the child’s developmental level, incorporating healthful foods that the child will enjoy. In addition, the nurse should get feedback from the child about what foods he or she dislikes.This can valuable in developing a personalized nutritional plan. Also, attention should also be given to portion sizes, calories, and the amount of vitamins and minerals provided in each meal. In the same way, the exercise plan should also be tailored to the developmental level of the child, and should include satisfying, and rew arding activities. Plans should be holistic in nature, focusing on all areas of the child’s life, familial influences taking top priority. Parent’s influence dietary habits and the amount of physical activity the child chooses to engage in.As a consequence, if parent’s engage in little physical activity, and put no emphasizes on proper nutrition the child will eventually adopt this behavior and view it as â€Å"healthy†. Understanding the parent’s views on diet and exercise, can help the nurse better assess and develop a proper care plan. However, when parents are hesitant about changing their lifestyle, it can be a major setback for the nurse when developing an individualized plan. In this situation, the nurse should be patient, and willing to tailor the plan to meet the needs of each individual in the family. Lastly, in order for oals and desired outcomes to be successfully met the nurse must be through in organizing and gathering data by followi ng a certain sequence during assessment, piecing together subjective data from both parents and child, and validating it with objective data. Conclusion Type 2 diabetes in children continues to rise and has become an epidemic. Consequently, preventative measures must be taken to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in school age children; emphasis on awareness and health promotion is necessary and must be taken seriously by nurses to motivate children to make positive lifestyle changes.The nurse must be able to correctly identify risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes. The nurse can then promote lifestyle changes by successfully developing individual plans to meet the needs of each child. The nurse should be holistic in approach, and must be sensitive to the needs of both parent and child. And lastly, the nurse should be through and accurate to successfully meet goals and desired outcomes for each child. Through doing this, the nurse can promote lifestyle change, prevent type 2 diabetes, and ultimately influence children to make healthy choices for life.References American Diabetes Association Home Page – American Diabetes Association. (n. d. ). American Diabetes Association Home Page – American Diabetes Association. Retrieved March 25, 2013, from http://www. diabetes. org Beckwith, S. (2010). Diagnosing type 2 diabetes in children and young people. British Journal Of School Nursing, 5(1), 15-19. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2010607580&site= Coe, S. (2010). Clinical focus. Nutrition related to obesity and diabetes as a public health issue.Nurse Prescribing, 8(8), 376. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=c8h&AN=2010758805&site=ehost-live Jung-Nan, W. , Hung-Yuan, L. , Yi-Chia, W. , Lee-Ming, C. , Mao-Shin, L. , Cheng-Hsin, L. , & Fung-Chang, S. (2010). Detailed family history of diabetes identified children at risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based c ase-control study. Pediatric Diabetes, 11(4), 258-264. doi:10. 1111/j. 1399-5448. 2009. 00564. x Rabbitt, A. , & Coyne, I. (2012). Childhood obesity: nurses' role in addressing the epidemic. British Journal

Oil The Life Of Industry, Transportation, And Whole...

Oil: the life of industry, transportation, and entire economies. Oil is such an important resource for society, yet it is very dangerous if placed in the wrong hands. The major oil corporations handle most of the process: extracting, shipping, and refining the crude oil. When these oil companies make mistakes, the results are disastrous and the situation quickly spirals out of their control. One such disaster happened on March 24, 1989, when the Exxon supertanker, the Exxon Valdez struck a pristine reef in the Prince William Sound, Alaska. The Exxon Valdez oil spill exemplified how unprepared Exxon Mobil was to deal with the dangers inherent in the industry surrounding oil and any accidents which result from those risks. The spill†¦show more content†¦Exxon and multiple government agencies became involved in the largest oil cleanup operation ever. Because of its remote location, equipment and volunteers were hard to transport to the area. For more than an entire year, the clean up crews were hard at work, trying to undo what Exxon had so ignorantly done. The Exxon Valdez oil spill became known as the worst environmental disaster of human history. Prior to its departure from port, issues with the crew of the Exxon Valdez became apparent. First of all, the crew operating the ship was small. Such a small crew could not accommodate such a big ship because there were too many positions to be filled. Exxon had opted to cut down on the number of crew members in order to decrease operating costs. To put this into perspective, â€Å"Tankers in the 1950s carried a crew of 40 to 42 to manage about 6.3 million gallons of oil... the Exxon Valdez carried a crew of 19 to transport 53 million gallons of oil.† Having half the amount of people on the ship many times larger, created numerous instances where the officers had to break regulations, if they wanted to be able to operate. For example, two officers were required to be on the bridge at any given moment, but with an inadequately sized crew, this proved impossible. At the time of the crash, there was only one person on the bridge. This man, Gregory Cousins, was working overtime i n order to give a coworker some extra rest. Cousins,